Environment
A community of living things and the environment they depend on.
marine ecosystemfragile ecosystem
ExampleThe passage explains how a fragile ecosystem can be damaged by tourism.
IELTSReading
IELTS reading vocabulary for academic passages and topic recognition.
Reading entries should be calm and reference-like: topic, pronunciation, definition, and collocations before examples.
Change
The process of becoming worse.
environmental deteriorationgradual deterioration
ExampleThe article describes the gradual deterioration of air quality in large cities.
Nature
The natural place where an animal or plant lives.
ExampleThe reading passage says that wetland habitat is disappearing quickly.
Pollution
To make something dirty, unsafe, or harmful by adding unwanted material.
ExampleIndustrial waste can contaminate rivers and harm local communities.
Climate
Very dry, especially because of little rainfall.
arid regionarid climate
ExampleThe passage describes how plants survive in arid regions.
People and place
Originally from a particular place.
indigenous speciesindigenous communities
ExampleThe article discusses how tourism affects indigenous communities.
Environment
The gradual wearing away of soil, rock, or land by water, wind, or human activity.
soil erosioncoastal erosion
ExampleCoastal erosion has changed the shape of the island over time.
Movement
Movement from one place to another, often by people or animals.
seasonal migrationbird migration
ExampleThe reading passage explains why bird migration patterns are changing.
Environment
To protect something from loss, damage, or waste.
conserve waterconserve energy
ExampleThe author argues that cities must conserve water during long dry periods.
Environment
The variety of plants, animals, and other living things in an area.
protect biodiversityloss of biodiversity
ExampleThe passage links forest loss with a decline in biodiversity.